news&views Winter 2019 | Page 24

Medical Cannabis: Strains and Doses Hailie Rondeau and Rachel Hughes | RN Care Specialists, HumanaCare Cannabis is a plant that has been used by humans for centuries to provide nourishment (such as hemp hearts), create materials (paper, cloth), and as a religious, recreational, and medicinal drug. In Canada, physicians are able to prescribe diff erent strains of cannabis for various medical conditions, and anyone over the age of 18 can purchase it for recreational use. Although research on this drug is still in progress, signifi cant evidence suggests that cannabis is an eff ective treatment for pain related to arthritis, cancer, neuropathy, and more. It may also be an eff ective treatment for anxiety, depression, OCD, and panic attacks by increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain. Some research also suggests that THC in cannabis can help slow the advancement of Alzheimer’s disease by decreasing beta-amyloid protein buildup in the brain. 24 | arta.net Many Canadians are seeking prescriptions for cannabis to treat pain and have also started self-medicating by frequenting government-regulated dispensaries. Regardless of an individual’s reason for using cannabis, it is essential to consider the facts before consumption. The two active components of cannabis are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). The amount of each of these substances varies with each strain of cannabis. The main strains are Sativa, Indica, and Ruderalis, which can be pure or hybridized varieties. Each variety is identifi ed by a name, often chosen by the grower. An example is Charlotte’s Web, which is a variety named for the young girl with a rare seizure disorder that it was grown for. Most strains have a mix of THC and CBD. THC causes the psychoactive eff ects of cannabis, and CBD causes the anti-infl ammatory and anti-anxiety eff ects. Cannabis strains with higher concentrations of CBD are most eff ective for pain relief due to its natural analgesic and anti-infl ammatory properties. The eff ects of cannabis vary according to dose, strain, individual biology, tolerance, medical condition, and use of other medications. Cannabis may have an “opioid- sparing eff ect,” which means that individuals who regularly use opioids like Oxycodone see pain relief with signifi cantly lower doses when also using cannabis. The anti-infl ammatory properties of cannabis may be more potent than steroids and non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs like Advil. Cannabis not only successfully provides pain relief, but can also help reduce unpleasant eff ects associated with pain, such as