news&views Winter 2019 | Page 23

Cannabis — For Fun, Health, and Taxes Jane Thrall In October 2018 when the Government of Canada legalized the use of marijuana and related products, there were a number of people, my friends among them, who were concerned about the possible ramifi cations. Some expected the smell of marijuana smoke to linger over the city, the streets having been taken over by pot-smoking hooligans. All-in-all I haven’t seen much change; frankly I think that those who previously indulged in cannabis products continued on as usual, albeit with slightly less stigma or concern. But has Canada seen a surge in consumption or a rise in new users? Well, yes it has. StatsCan reports that year over year the fi rst quarter of 2019 showed an increase in usage from nine per cent to fourteen per cent among those age 45 to 64 years. Overall 646,000 Canadians reported trying cannabis for the fi rst time in the fi rst three months of 2019, double the number of new users in the fi rst quarter of 2018. According to the Government of Canada, the fi rst fi ve and a half months following the legalization of marijuana brought in $186 million in taxes directly related to the sale of cannabis. Canada is only the second country in the world to legalize recreational marijuana, after Uruguay. Recreational marijuana is now legal in Georgia (the country) and South Africa as well as parts of the U.S. and Australia. Medicinal cannabis is legal in at least twenty-two other countries with more coming on line every year. The government estimates that forty-seven per cent of cannabis users obtained their product from legal sources in the fi rst three months of 2019, compared with twenty-three per cent in the same quarter of 2018. That’s a lot of licit taxable smoke. The marijuana plant (Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and the less commonly cultivated Cannabis ruderalis) is indigenous to Central and East Asia and may have been purposefully propagated as long as ten thousand years ago. The medicinal properties have been known since at least the second century BCE, and cannabis has been used as an entheogen — a psychoactive substance used in a religious or shamanic context — around the world for at least 3,500 years. Its cousin, the hemp plant, has been grown for its incredibly strong fi bre used to make ropes and fabric since at least 4000 BCE. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that cannabis products containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) be removed from Schedule IV, the most strictly controlled category of the UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961. WHO also proposes that products made with cannabidiol (CBD), that contain no more than 0.2 per cent THC, should be eliminated from all international drug control conventions. This would reduce the restrictions on medical and scientifi c investigation of cannabis and allow the pursuit of valuable international research eff orts. (See the following HumanaCare article for more on medical cannabis.) In the fall of 2019 the government began to allow the sale of cannabis extracts, topicals, and edibles, provided they are not designed to be attractive to young children. This means labelling, packaging, and dosages will be strictly controlled — and you won’t fi nd gummies on the Canadian market. Edibles and capsules are a great option for those who are not comfortable smoking or vaping marijuana products. Virtually every major beverage company is developing a cannabis-infused drink for the burgeoning market. The potential for profi t is so promising that even major Canadian pension funds are buying into the hype. If you thought the income from taxing marijuana was already impressive, just wait until edibles hit the shops. Regardless of whether you’re a consumer, when it comes to the marijuana industry, taxpayers will be getting a lot of bhang for their buck. ● Dr. Jane Thrall is a retired optometrist now living on the west coast. She spends her free time volunteering at a farm animal sanctuary, travelling, writing, and practising meditation. news&views WINTER 2019 | 23