news&views Winter 2019 | Page 56

From our Partners Michael Kenneth | President, CPAP Machines Canada Is Sleep Apnea Affecting Your Life? You’ve heard of it and likely know people who suffer from it. Untreated, it makes you two to four times more likely to be involved in a car accident, 3.7 times more likely to suffer a stroke, and fi fty per cent more likely to suffer psychological distress. Roughly twenty-fi ve per cent of Canadian adults suffer from some form of sleep apnea and yet only twenty per cent have been diagnosed. So what’s happening with this common but under-recognized condition? While awake, our throat muscles act to keep our airway open, making breathing easy and natural. During sleep, our muscles — including those in our throat — relax. In some people, this causes the airway to narrow or close, obstructing air fl ow. When this happens, our heart rate and blood pressure increase, blood oxygen levels drop, adrenaline surges, and our brain wakes us up to kick-start breathing again. In severe cases, this cycle can happen over thirty times per hour, putting signifi cant strain on our cardiovascular system and preventing the deep, restorative sleep we need to function the next day. Common Signs and Symptoms of Sleep Apnea • excessive daytime sleepiness • irregular breathing during sleep (gasping, long pauses, shallow breathing) • high blood pressure • poor memory and concentration • snoring 56 | arta.net Diagnosis Simple cases of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can be diagnosed with a home sleep study, which requires the patient to wear a device in the comfort of their own bed. These devices measure airfl ow, blood oxygen saturation, respiratory eff ort, and heart rate, as well as positional data (time sleeping on your back, side, or front), which allows a specialist to identify the presence and severity of OSA. These results are used by your physician to confi rm or rule out OSA and identify a course of action. In some more complex cases, a physician may request a polysomnography study (PGS), which is an overnight sleep study performed in a sleep lab facility. A PGS involves the measurement of brain activity as well as physical observation from a trained sleep technologist, in addition to the indicators included in the home study.