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Raising Grandkids: How Love Plus Science Can Heal Childhood Trauma Gary Garrison “Love is all you need.” That’s what the Beatles said, and that’s what many people think about raising children. For traumatized children especially, love is necessary but not nearly enough. I met and interviewed dozens of grandparents who raised grandkids when I wrote my book, Raising Grandkids: Inside Skipped- Generation Families. I was awestruck at the depth and breadth of the love they had for those kids. Many of them sacrifi ced their retirements, their social lives, their life savings, and their health to give grandkids the love that the kids’ parents couldn’t or wouldn’t. It wasn’t until I participated in the Traumatic Attachment Group (TAG) program at CASA Child, Adolescent and Family Mental Health in Edmonton that I understood what these kids need besides love to succeed in life. In TAG, child psychiatrist Dr. Andrew Bremness devoted about half the time to educate caregivers about the latest research in neuroscience and child psychiatry. It’s a totally diff erent scene now from when I raised my own kids thirty years ago. He told us that all the eight- to twelve-year-olds enrolled in TAG experienced trauma. Some may have lived in war zones, been abused, or were neglected. What 46 | arta.net they all had in common was that their relationship with their primary caregivers, their biological parents, was severed. That in itself, he said, is a trauma in the same category as combat fatigue or what used to be called ‘shell shock.’ Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in war. A fl ash of light or a loud noise may trigger people back to the traumatic event. In an adult, trauma injures the brain; in a child, the injury changes the growing brain’s development. For this reason, international leader in child psychiatry Dr. Bruce Perry says trauma’s “impact is actually far greater on children than it is on adults.” Dr. Bremness’s teaching is always connected to the recent personal experience of people in the group. For example, he would start by asking, “Who’s had something happen this week that they really need to share with the group?” A woman might respond, “Trish and I were driving downtown last Saturday. She was upset because I wouldn’t buy her a glittery pair of pink shoes. When we stopped, she just opened the door into traffi c and ran away! I had to park the car and guess where she went. It took me half an hour to fi nd her!” Dr. Bremness would note that Trish had received a phone call from her estranged biological mother a few days before and suggest that something had happened to pull her back into the unsafe place where she used to live with her mother. Like a soldier with PTSD, she was triggered back into her trauma. Then he would ask, “Does this sound familiar to anybody else?” A grandmother might say, “Andy and I were walking through the park, and he saw his mom sitting nearby. He hadn’t seen her for months. Because of the Emergency Protection Order she’s not allowed near him, but that doesn’t apply in public places. When I got him home, his whole body was shaking. He held onto me and wouldn’t let go. Hours later, I put him to bed, sobbing. He only settled down when I laid down next to him. It took him an hour to go to sleep.” Dr. Bremness would ask her how old she thought Andy was emotionally that night, and she’d guess between four and six months, because he was