news&views Autumn 2020 | Page 49

The trouble comes when a patient doesn’t seem to have particularly high IOP and aren’t flagged for further testing. Some people have a below-average pressure reading and still experience changes associated with glaucoma, a phenomenon still not fully understood. Monitoring a person’s IOP over time, and regular screening of peripheral vision, may detect a problem otherwise missed. In most cases, glaucoma is treated with either eye drops or surgery. It may depend on whether the problem is excessive fluid production, poor drainage, or a combination. Eye drops have come a long way in the past half century, and newer drugs are more efficient with fewer side effects. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) A common eye condition in the elderly, macular degeneration, causes distortion in the retina and can damage the tissue enough that complete areas of sight disappear. Unlike glaucoma, ARMD affects central vision and can make reading difficult. Straight lines may appear crooked, or the horizon may look wavy. Left untreated, ARMD will cause blindness and loss of mobility. ARMD is strongly associated with other health conditions including hypertension, high cholesterol, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and high fat intake. Genetics plays a role, and Caucasians are more likely to develop the condition. In the past few years, several successful treatment options to slow the progress of ARMD have evolved. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are being injected directly into the eye to slow disease progress with good success. Healthy Habits The best option is still prevention through lifestyle modification. I once had a patient make a scene and leave my office because I suggested that his failing vision was in part related to his two-pack-a-day smoking habit. While genetics plays a huge part in our aging health, so do many outside factors such as diet, exercise, and yes — smoking. When we first notice changes, it’s not too late to make adjustments to improve our health and sight. It’s important to get regular eye health assessments because all conditions can be better treated if caught earlier in the process. Jane Thrall, OD, is a retired optometrist with over twenty‐seven years in practice and a special interest in laser refractive surgery. She’s now dedicating her retirement to golfing, gardening, writing, and reflecting. No vision complaints — except lately when I go outside, my glasses fog up! news&views AUTUMN 2020 | 49